Provenance
Every source, traced.
turnout.app cites 15 national / federal sources, 56 state Secretary-of-State authority roots, 500 per-task state action URLs across 50 states, and 96 county action URLs across 12 first-class counties / boroughs. Each fact on this site traces back to one of five confidence tiers below.
The five-tier confidence stack
- 1Official — State / federal authority of record — Secretary of State, Census, FEC, Congress, FVAP, EAC. Highest trust.
- 2Official-republished — Official-reviewed aggregators — VIP, CTCL Ballot Information Project, Vote.gov routing.
- 3Curated — Trusted civic-data publishers — NCSL, BallotReady, Ballotpedia, Democracy Works, OpenStates.
- 4Historical — Research datasets — OpenElections, VEST, MIT Election Lab, EAC EAVS.
- 5turnout.app summary — turnout.app's plain-language summaries. Always labeled. Never a substitute for verbatim ballot text.
National & federal sources
Every fact on this site that isn’t state-specific traces to one of these 15 entries.
1
US Census TIGER/Line 2025
2026-04-15geography · updated annual
Currently loaded: TIGER/Line 2024. Upgrade to 2025 (legal boundaries as of Jan 1 2025) is queued.
3
NCSL voter ID requirements
2026-04-15voter id rules · updated election-cycle · manual entry
36 states request or require ID; 14 + DC use other verification. Verify per state against SOS pages.
3
NCSL absentee + VBM rules
2026-04-15vbm rules · updated election-cycle · manual entry
Tracks no-excuse and all-mail states; postmark-vs-receipt rules per state.
1
FVAP eVAG XML feeds
2026-04-15election calendar · updated weekly · INGEST QUEUED
Best official auto-updating source for UOCAVA. State/territory XML with deadlines, election offices, ballot rules. INGEST QUEUED.
1
FEC OpenFEC API
2026-04-15campaign finance · updated daily · INGEST QUEUED
Wire after candidate identity matching is solid.
2
Google Civic Information API / VIP
2026-04-15candidate filings · updated election-cycle · INGEST QUEUED
Coverage is election-window dependent. Cache + retain source metadata. Fall back to state/local official links.
2
CTCL Ballot Information Project
2026-04-15candidate filings · updated election-cycle · INGEST QUEUED
Sources from state/local officials. Evaluate access + license.
5
Wikipedia REST API (CC BY-SA 4.0)
2026-04-15enrichment · updated live
Per-division summaries via civic.about_division. 24h cache.
State authorities of record
The Secretary of State or Board of Elections page for all 51 states + DC. Tier-1 sources of record for state-level voting rules. 50 states have populated per-task action URLs (sample ballot, OVR, polling place, etc.). The remainder are scheduled for round-4+ expansion.
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First-class county / borough authorities
Some local authorities have voter-services tooling that rivals or beats their parent state. NYC BOE, LA County RR/CC, and Miami-Dade SOE are first-class peer authorities, not delegates. Together these 12 counties cover ~30M registered voters.
FIRST-CLASS→FIRST-CLASS→FIRST-CLASS→FIRST-CLASS→SHIM→FIRST-CLASS→FIRST-CLASS→FIRST-CLASS→SHIM→FIRST-CLASS→FIRST-CLASS→FIRST-CLASS→
Los Angeles County Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk
Interactive Sample Ballot with Poll Pass QR. Vote-center model under VCA. Drop-boxes always-on.
~5,600,000 registered
Harris County Clerk Elections Department
CWPP (countywide polling). Real-time wait-time API at app.harrisvotes.com/WaitTimes. One drop-box for the entire county per TX SB 1.
~2,600,000 registered
New York City Board of Elections
Single BOE covers all 5 boroughs. findmypollsite.vote.nyc beats the state's voterlookup. Lowest-friction tracker auth in the top-5.
~5,000,000 registered
Miami-Dade County Supervisor of Elections
Two-host architecture: miamidade.gov (CMS hub) + miamidade.electionsfl.org (VR Systems voter actions). State delegates to county.
~1,500,000 registered
Fulton County Department of Registration and Elections
GA SOS MVP covers most voter actions statewide. Fulton adds composite PDFs + drop-box GIS map. Results via Clarity Elections.
~830,000 registered
Maricopa County Recorder + Elections Department
~60% of all AZ voters. Cloudflare-hardened (WAF challenge to plain fetch). Vote-center model on Election Day; AEVL = AZ's universal-mail equivalent. Memorable short URLs: BeBallotReady.Vote (dashboard), Locations.Maricopa.Vote (locator).
~2,650,000 registered
Cook County Clerk's Office, Election Division (suburban Cook)
Suburban Cook ONLY — 30 townships + 130+ munis outside Chicago. Chicago BOE is a separate authority with its own FIPS-CHI entry. IL has no statewide tracker, so Cook's unified Voter Information tool is the canonical surface for suburban voters.
~1,400,000 registered
Chicago Board of Election Commissioners
Covers ONLY the City of Chicago — separate authority inside Cook FIPS. Sample ballot in EN/ES/ZH/HI/PL/KO/TL — most multilingual sample-ballot surface in the sweep. Independent of suburban Cook (different VBM DB, results stack, drop-box list).
~1,500,000 registered
Wayne County Clerk Elections Division
MI is city/township-administered, so Wayne County is largely a state shim. Aggregates results across 43 munis post-canvass. Does NOT publish drop-box list (each muni does). Detroit is the actual first-class authority for Detroit voters — see 26163-DET.
~1,400,000 registered
Detroit Department of Elections
Detroit is its own first-class authority under MI law (city clerk). Independently runs BallotTrax (detroitmi.gov/node/12141) on top of the state MVIC tracker — only city-clerk in the sweep with a county+vendor tracker pattern in an otherwise state-deferred state.
~480,000 registered
Philadelphia City Commissioners
PA's only consolidated city-county. ArcGIS-native polling-place portal at atlas.phila.gov — only county whose primary lookup tool IS a GIS app. PA SOS doesn't aggregate sample ballots, so vote.phila.gov is the only real surface for Philly voters.
~1,000,000 registered
King County Elections (Seattle)
All-mail state. KCE's drop-box layer is published in the King County Spatial Data Catalog as `ballot_dropbox` — only county in either sweep with a first-class GIS data-catalog entry. Plus a return-statistics dashboard with per-day/per-box counts post-Election Day. Best machine-readable surface in the registry.
~1,500,000 registered
What’s queued
- · Per-task action URLs for the remaining 1 states (round-4+).
- · Vendor adapters: Clarity Elections (covers 30+ states’ live results) and Florida ENR (FL counties + statewide aggregator). BallotTrax intentionally skipped on the public side per its
robots.txt: Disallow: /. - · Live ballot-content ingestion via Google Civic Information API + CTCL Ballot Information Project (currently illustrative samples only).
- · TIGER/Line 2025 upgrade. Currently on TIGER 2024.
- · County-tier expansion to SF DOE, San Diego, Maricopa (Phoenix), Cook County + Chicago BOE, Wayne County (Detroit), and Philadelphia.